Final answer:
A racial hoax is a fabricated crime that falsely implicates someone of a different race, often to uphold racist stereotypes and is a clear manifestation of racism and scientific racism.
Step-by-step explanation:
A racial hoax is a fabricated crime where blame is deliberately placed on someone of a different race, often to divert attention from the real perpetrator or to reinforce racist stereotypes. This is option 1 from the choices given. Racial hoaxes can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and increase tensions between racial groups.
Racial hoaxes operate as a form of deception, similar to sleight of hand in magic. They are a manifestation of racism, which is a belief in the superiority of one's own race over others and often involves the use of power to discriminate and oppress. In a racial hoax, this power is misused to falsely attribute criminal behavior to innocent individuals based on their race.
These hoaxes are an aspect of scientific racism, where unfounded claims are presented to justify discrimination. Racial hoaxes are one of the many ways racial prejudice and power interplay to create injustice and inequality in society. They contribute to a climate in which racism is sustained and encouraged by misleading others and fostering distrust.