Final answer:
The United States Department of Agriculture collects and maintains characteristic data to determine how effectively their programs are reaching eligible individuals and beneficiaries.
Step-by-step explanation:
One reason the United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service requires the collection and maintenance of characteristic data is to determine how effectively the programs are reaching potentially eligible persons and beneficiaries.
By collecting and analyzing data, the department can evaluate the impact and outreach of their programs, identifying areas where improvements are needed and ensuring that the assistance is reaching those who need it the most.