Final answer:
The process is ATP hydrolysis, where the bond between the second and third phosphate groups of ATP molecule is broken, releasing free energy and resulting in ADP and a free phosphate group (Pi). This reaction is critical for providing energy for cellular functions and is a key component of cellular metabolism.
Step-by-step explanation:
ATP and Cellular Energy
The process described is related to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency in cells. ATP is composed of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. When cells require energy for various functions, enzymes break the high-energy bond between the second and third phosphate groups of ATP. This reaction is a hydrolysis reaction because it involves the addition of a water molecule, producing adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a free phosphate group (Pi), and releasing free energy that the cell can use to perform work. The breaking of these bonds is what facilitates the transfer of energy necessary for cellular processes.
ATP, ADP, and Pi are constantly cycled in the cell. Energy is stored when ADP and Pi are combined to reform ATP. Conversely, energy is released during ATP hydrolysis, converting ATP back to ADP and Pi. The cycle of ATP synthesis and breakdown is central to cellular metabolism and is the means by which energy is stored and released in the cell.