Final answer:
Strain theory is a sociological theory that explains deviance in terms of the strain individuals experience when they are unable to achieve culturally valued goals through legitimate means. It suggests that individuals may engage in deviant behavior as a response to the strain they experience. Strain theory helps us understand how social structures and opportunities influence individuals' likelihood to engage in deviant behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Strain theory is a sociological theory that explains deviance in terms of the strain individuals experience when they are unable to achieve culturally valued goals through legitimate means. According to Robert Merton, deviance occurs when there is a discrepancy between the goals that society promotes and the means available to individuals to achieve those goals. For example, a person who wants to achieve financial success but lacks the opportunities or resources may resort to criminal behavior to attain their goals.
Strain theory suggests that individuals may engage in deviant behavior as a response to the strain they experience. Merton identified five possible responses to strain: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. These responses describe the different ways individuals may adapt to the strain, ranging from accepting the goals and means of society to rejecting them altogether.
Overall, strain theory helps us understand how social structures and opportunities influence individuals' likelihood to engage in deviant behavior. It highlights the importance of examining the social context in which individuals live and the influence of societal expectations on their behavior.