Final answer:
The two main factions in the Republican Party are the economic conservatives, who advocate for limited government, and social conservatives, who prioritize traditional values. These factions reflect the historical evolution and ideological shifts within the party.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two main factions within the Republican Party are the economic conservatives and the social conservatives. Economic conservatives focus on limiting the size and scope of the federal government, advocating for small government in line with classical liberalism. Social conservatives, on the other hand, emphasize traditional values, often pushing for policies that align with their views on issues like family, religion, and morality.
Throughout history, political parties in the United States, including the Republican Party, have evolved and realigned, reflecting changes in ideologies and voter bases. The rise of the New Right and the influence of evangelical movements are examples of this realignment within the party. While economic policy has been a consistent theme, social issues have become increasingly important over time, creating new coalitions of voters and reshaping the Republican Party.