Final answer:
The student's question involves demand-paging systems, which is more related to Computer Engineering, but the examples provided are centered around business practices involving probabilities and efficiency in the long run. It discusses how businesses use statistical data to predict customer behavior and adjust their resources for better management and efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question discusses the concept of demand-paging systems, which relates to computer operating systems, but the examples given involve statistical analysis in business scenarios. This includes understanding probabilities, such as the likelihood that a sample of customers will exceed a certain amount of time on their phone plans, the average number of calls made by employees during peak hours, and efficient changes a company might make in response to increased demand. For instance, considering the long run, a firm experiencing a triplication of demand for documents might respond by acquiring additional PCs to increase their production capability, thereby adjusting their production function.
Specifically, when a sample of 80 customers exceeds their contractual time allowance, the given probability helps businesses estimate customer behavior and manage resources. In another scenario, for a small company trying to estimate phone usage during peak times, the average and probable number of long-distance calls are relevant for organizational efficiency and cost management.