Final answer:
Instrumental violence is violence used in a rational, controlled, and purposeful fashion. It is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Instrumental violence is a type of aggression that is used in a rational, controlled, and purposeful way to achieve a specific goal. It does not necessarily involve the intent to cause pain. This form of violence is in contrast to hostile aggression, which is driven by anger and the intention to cause pain. An example of instrumental aggression would be a contract killer who murders for hire, as their primary motivation is to achieve a goal - in this case, the completion of a job for which they are paid - rather than to inflict pain for personal reasons. Similarly, nations or groups may use violence instrumentally to expand their power or control, such as during the imperialism and colonization periods, when industrialized nations built empires often through acts of instrumental violence.