Final answer:
The proposed constitution addressed the problem by incorporating the principles of popular sovereignty and limited government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The proposed constitution addressed the problem identified in the excerpt by incorporating the principles of popular sovereignty and limited government. Popular sovereignty means that the government derives its power from the consent of the governed, allowing the people to control the government. Limited government refers to the idea that the government's power should be restricted to prevent abuse and ensure the protection of individual rights.
The inclusion of a Bill of Rights was not part of the original Constitution; however, amendments were added later to safeguard individual liberties. So, option 1) is incorrect. The continuation of the slave trade for 24 more years under the Three-Fifths Compromise was a separate issue and did not directly address the problem mentioned in the excerpt, so option 2) is also incorrect.