Final answer:
In a direct democracy, citizens directly engage in decision-making, unlike in a republic where they elect representatives. Direct democracy in the U.S. can be seen in the use of referendums and town meetings, allowing citizens to vote on specific issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
In direct democracy, citizens participate directly in making government decisions. This system is distinct from a representative democracy, where citizens elect officials to make those decisions on their behalf. An example of direct democracy in action is when referendums are placed on the ballot, allowing citizens to vote directly on specific issues during state or local elections. Moreover, direct democracy can manifest in practices like New England town meetings, where all residents may debate and vote on town matters.
In contrast, a republic is a form of government where citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf. The United States primarily operates as a republic, with elected officials at various levels of government. However, elements of direct democracy exist in the form of referendums and initiatives, providing opportunities for civic engagement beyond the election of representatives. These forms of direct citizen participation show a focus on upholding individual liberties and freedoms, a characteristic that philosopher Rousseau attributed to direct democracy.