Final answer:
Federalism has caused historical conflicts between federal and state governments in the U.S. due to varying interpretations of constitutional powers, especially in policy areas like immigration and LGBTQ rights. The Supreme Court often has to interpret these disputes, while intergovernmental lobbies influence policy at both levels, exemplifying the dynamic and contentious nature of this relationship.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conflicts Between Federal and State Policies
Throughout the history of the United States, federalism has been a significant source of conflict due to the division of powers between the federal and state governments. The Federalist Papers laid the groundwork for American republicanism and the federal system of governance. However, the Constitution did not detail every policy contingency, leading to disputes over how states and the federal government manage policy areas. These disputes have often required interpretation and ruling by the Supreme Court.
Examples of policy areas that have caused tensions include immigration, the marital rights of LGBTQ people, abortion, gun control, and the legal drinking age. Intergovernmental lobbies, which are groups attempting to influence policy at different levels of government, also play a role in the evolving landscape of federalism. The challenges to federalism extend to issues of poverty, economic equality, Homeland Security, and environmental policies as well as the fundamental struggle between national and state power.
Due to the 'necessary and proper clause' and the Tenth Amendment, the basis for tension between the federal and state entities was established. Political parties often shift their stance on federalism based on election goals rather than consistent constitutional interpretation, adding to the dynamic and sometimes contentious relationship between different levels of government.