Final answer:
Theoretical models for mental ill health include sociological theories, biochemical theories related to neurotransmitter imbalances, Seligman's learned helplessness model (now hopelessness theory), and functionalism. The DSM is used for classifying mental disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The understanding of mental ill health encompasses a variety of theoretical models, which offer different perspectives on the causes and best methods for treatment. Sociological theories, such as those proposed by Thomas Scheff, suggest that societal norms and stigmas play a significant role in defining and treating mental illness. On a biomedical front, biochemical theories of brain diseases posit that imbalances in neurotransmitters can lead to disorders like depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.
Another psychological perspective is Seligman's learned helplessness model, particularly pertaining to depression, suggesting that a lack of perceived control over life events can lead to a state of helplessness and possibly to major depressive disorder. This theory has been reformulated into the hopelessness theory.