Final answer:
Members of Congress engage in reelection strategies like advertising, credit claiming, and position taking to boost their chances. The incumbency advantage, aided by name recognition, access to resources, and constituent services, further ensures their electoral success.
Step-by-step explanation:
Strategies for Congressional Reelection
Members of Congress adopt various strategies to ensure their reelection. David Mayhew identifies key practices such as advertising, credit claiming, and position taking. Advertising involves actions where members of Congress attempt to increase visibility through interviews and public appearances. Credit claiming covers efforts like sponsoring bills and helping constituents directly through casework. Position taking lets members express popular stances, often without the intent to effect policy change.
Due to the incumbency advantage, Congress members who are already in office have a higher chance of being reelected. This edge comes from factors such as name recognition, an established voting record, and access to funds from political action committees and interest groups. Incumbents can also use the resources and professional staff available to them to perform constituent services, further enhancing their reelection prospects.
Overall, the structure of Congress and the resources at the disposal of incumbents create a favorable environment for members seeking re-election. Legislators constantly engage with their districts through various forms of outreach and by providing localized benefits, maintaining a strong connection to their constituents' needs.