Final answer:
Sex is determined by biological attributes such as chromosomes and sex organs, whereas gender identity is how individuals perceive themselves, which can differ from their biological sex. The term 'gender' encompasses the societal roles and behaviors labeled as masculine or feminine. Transgender people have a gender identity that does not align with their biological sex.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sex refers to one's biological state of being male or female, characterized by chromosomes, hormones, sex organs, and other physical features. Distinguishing from gender identity, which is an individual's internal perception of being male, female, both, neither, or another gender entirely, sex is biologically determined. The concept of gender, on the other hand, involves social and cultural roles, behaviors, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women. It's crucial to note that gender identity can differ from biological sex or sex assigned at birth, as seen in transgender individuals who identify with a gender different from their biological sex. Moreover, people's gender roles and expressions can be flexible and not always align strictly with typical masculine or feminine categories.