Final answer:
Kinetic energy and temperature are closely related during conduction, where heat transfer occurs from a hotter to a colder body until thermal equilibrium is reached. The temperature change is a result of the loss or gain of kinetic energy by the particles in the substances involved.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between kinetic energy and temperature during conduction is described by the kinetic-molecular theory, which states that the temperature of a substance is related to the average kinetic energy of its particles. When two substances at different temperatures come into contact, thermal conduction occurs, and kinetic energy is transferred from the warmer substance to the cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached. The particles of the warmer substance lose some of their kinetic energy, and thus, the temperature of the warm substance decreases, while the cooler substance's particles gain kinetic energy, causing its temperature to increase.
Heat conduction depends on factors such as the temperature difference, the contact area, and the distance between the objects. When a substance absorbs thermal energy without undergoing a change in state or a chemical reaction, its temperature increases as the particles inside move or vibrate more quickly. Conversely, when thermal energy is removed from a substance, its temperature decreases because the particles move more slowly.
At the molecular level, collisions between particles result in energy transfer. During conduction, heat transfer from the hotter to the colder body occurs due to the difference in average kinetic energies of the particles, represented macroscopically by the temperature difference between the two substances. The flow of heat continues until thermal equilibrium is achieved and there is no further change in temperatures.