Question

Select all that apply: Which of the following are possible effects of nonsteroid hormones through second messenger activation?

1) They may initiate the secretion of hormones or other substances.
2) They may change the activity of an enzyme.
3) They may induce transcription of specific genes.
4) They may alter membrane permeabilities.
5) They may stimulate or inhibit specific metabolic pathways.

Answer 1

Nonsteroid hormones can have various effects through second messenger activation, including the initiation of hormone secretion, enzyme activity changes, membrane permeability alterations, and stimulation or inhibition of metabolic pathways.

Step-by-step explanation:

The possible effects of nonsteroid hormones through second messenger activation include:

1. Initiating the secretion of hormones or other substances
2. Changing the activity of an enzyme
3. Altering membrane permeabilities
4. Stimulating or inhibiting specific metabolic pathways

These effects occur when nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. This binding triggers a signaling pathway that involves the activation of second messengers, such as cyclic AMP. These messengers then influence various cellular processes, leading to the observed effects.