Final answer:
The first four major civilizations of South and Mesoamerica are the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca, correctly listed in option A. These civilizations are known for their contributions to architecture, mathematics, written language, and their complex social and political structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The First 4 Major Civilizations of South and Mesoamerica
The first four major civilizations of South and Mesoamerica are commonly recognized as the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. Option A (Aztec, Inca, Maya, and Olmec) correctly identifies these civilizations. The Olmec civilization is often considered the forerunner of later Mesoamerican civilizations, flourishing between 1200-400 BCE. They stand out for their monumental architecture and jade figurines.
The Maya civilization, known for their written language and precise calendar, existed in various forms from as early as 2000 BCE until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The Aztec, or Mexica, people rose to prominence in the 14th century and were noted for their complex social structures and striking achievements in engineering and architecture.
Lastly, the Inca civilization, primarily located in what is now Peru, expanded significantly in the early 15th century and developed intricate systems of roads, agriculture, and stonework before the Spanish conquest.