Final answer:
Binary fission is the process in which one cell divides in half to become two cells. It is commonly observed in bacteria and allows for rapid population growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Binary fission is the process in which one cell reproduces by dividing in half to become two cells. This type of cell division is commonly seen in prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria. During binary fission, the chromosome replicates and the cell enlarges before dividing into two identical daughter cells. This process allows bacteria to reproduce rapidly and can result in exponential population growth.