Final answer:
The likely reasons Natalia sees small trees dying in the forest are insufficient sunlight due to overshadowing by taller trees or a lack of water, both of which are vital for tree health and photosynthesis (1).
Step-by-step explanation:
The most likely explanation for why the three small trees are dying as Natalia observed in the forest is due to a lack of sunlight or water. Trees need sunlight to perform photosynthesis, which is essential for their growth and survival. However, in a forest setting, the taller trees often overshadow the smaller ones, reducing their ability to capture sunlight. This can lead to insufficient photosynthesis and, consequently, the decline of the smaller trees. Additionally, a lack of water can severely impact a tree's health. Water is critical for transporting nutrients and minerals from the soil to the various parts of the tree, as well as for maintaining cell turgor pressure and facilitating photosynthesis.
Conifers, such as spruce, fir, and pine, have needle-shaped leaves with sunken stomata to reduce water loss, which is an adaptation to dry habitats. However, if these trees are still young and have not yet developed deep roots or adaptations like reduced foliage, they could suffer more in conditions of insufficient water. Finally, even though nutrient recycling occurs within a plant, if external resources are scarce, the plant cannot sustain its growth and health.