Final answer:
Company A operates stores in 31 states, leaving 19 states without a store. The fraction of states without a store is 0.38.
Step-by-step explanation:
a. To determine the number of states that do not have a store operated by Company A, subtract the number of states with stores from the total number of states in the United States. If Company A operates stores in 31 states, then the number of states without a store is 50 - 31 = 19.
b. To determine the fraction of states that do not have a store operated by Company A, divide the number of states without a store by the total number of states. In this case, the fraction is 19 / 50 = 0.38.