Final answer:
In Emma's model of the sun, Earth, and moon, different alignments that cause phenomena are known as eclipses, which include both solar and lunar eclipses (option C). Eclipses are the direct result of specific alignments of these celestial bodies and not to be confused with tides, equinoxes, or full moons. Option C is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Emma is creating a model of the sun, Earth, and moon to demonstrate different astronomical phenomena that result from their alignments. The phenomena called when the Earth, moon, and sun align in various ways are known as eclipses. Specifically, a solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves between the sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth's surface.
A lunar eclipse happens when the moon enters Earth's shadow. Other phenomena such as tides are influenced by these celestial bodies' positions as well, but tides occur on a regular daily cycle and are not caused by a specific alignment like eclipses.
The correct answer to this question is C) Eclipses. They occur when the sun, Earth, and moon align in specific ways－either a solar eclipse when the moon is directly between the sun and Earth, or a lunar eclipse when the Earth is between the sun and moon.
Please note that tides, equinoxes, and full moons are different phenomena and are not the result of the specific alignments that cause eclipses. Therefore, the please mentioned correct option in final answer is C) Eclipses.