Final answer:
The concept not aligning with the characteristics of global cities is hosting influential philosophers; global cities are defined by business, politics, and NGOs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question appears to be asking which of the listed statements does not align with the key concepts highlighted in NIPP 2013 (National Infrastructure Protection Plan). However, the chapters and key concepts provided in the question are a mix of various numerated items that do not seem to directly correspond to the NIPP 2013. Instead, there is a related question about global cities and their characteristics. One statement that does not align as a characteristic of global cities is 'd. host influential philosophers'. Global cities typically are characterized by their roles as centers for international business, politics, and non-governmental organizations, rather than being defined by the presence of influential philosophers.