Final answer:
The main text by Laozi is the Daodejing, which represents the philosophy of Taoism. Taoism emphasizes living in accordance with the natural order, as opposed to Confucianism that focuses on social harmony or Legalism that underscores strict governance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main text written by Laozi, also known as Lao Tzu, was the Daodejing, which is the foundational text of the philosophy called Taoism. Laozi's philosophy emphasizes simplicity, harmony, and adherence to the natural order of things, sometimes expressed as 'the Way' or Dao. The teachings of Laozi encourage living in harmony with the Dao, which is seen as a naturalistic, non theological approach to life that resists traditional hierarchies and promotes a spiritual understanding of the world.In contrast, Confucianism, another influential philosophy from ancient China, was founded by Confucius and focused on morality, governance, and social relations, stressing the importance of family and social harmony. Legalism, which emerged during the same period, emphasized strict laws and state control. However, the main philosophy associated with Laozi is Taoism, distinguishing it from the other schools of thought such as Confucianism and Legalism.In conclusion, the main text written by Laozi that outlines the philosophy he is associated with is related to Taoism. This philosophical school has had a significant impact on Chinese culture and history, advocating for a life in tune with nature and the inherent order of the universe.