Final answer:
Adolescents enter the formal operational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development at about age 11, which enables them to think abstractly and handle hypothetical situations.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, adolescents enter the stage of formal operational thought at about age 11. This is identified as the fourth option: the formal operational stage. In this stage, individuals are capable of abstract thinking, which includes dealing with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations.
This developmental phase is marked by the ability to solve problems with abstract reasoning, consider multiple perspectives, and conduct mental operations involving things not directly experienced.
During the formal operational stage, adolescents develop the capability to think more scientifically about the world around them. They can envision alternate solutions to problems and test these solutions systematically.
Also, adolescents begin to understand and apply complex mathematical and logical concepts that go far beyond concrete hands-on activities, indicative of the previous concrete operational stage.
Abstract thought and logic are utilized in understanding and interpreting a wide range of concepts, including emotional and social situations, demonstrating the maturation of cognitive functions during adolescence.