Final answer:
The printing press is considered the most important innovation because it allowed mass production of books, lowered illiteracy rates, spread knowledge, and contributed to the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Out of the options provided – the compass, improved maps, and the printing press – the printing press (option c) is often considered the most important innovation. While the compass and improved maps greatly facilitated navigation and exploration, the invention of the printing press by Johannes
Gutenberg in the 15th century was revolutionary. It allowed for the mass production of books, which led to a significant decrease in illiteracy rates and a widespread dissemination of knowledge. This, in turn, contributed to the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment, paving the way for modern science, literature, and the advancement of human thought.
Moreover, the printing press played a critical role in social and religious reforms, such as those initiated by Martin Luther, which could challenge traditional authorities and spread new ideas. By enabling the spread of classical texts and encouraging skepticism and humanism, the printing press had a lasting impact on European culture and society at large.