Final answer:
The correct founding document discussed in the question, which was drawn up aboard a ship to facilitate self-government, is b) the Mayflower Compact, signed by Pilgrim men on the Mayflower in 1620.
Step-by-step explanation:
The founding document drawn up aboard a ship that discussed self-government is the Mayflower Compact. This compact was signed by forty-one Pilgrim men aboard the Mayflower in 1620 in what is now Plymouth Harbor. Often referred to as the first American governing document, the Mayflower Compact served as an early, if rudimentary step towards self-government. While not a constitution in the modern sense, it established a form of collective governance by which the signatories agreed to form a civil society and abide by rules for the good of the colony. This was notably before the creation of the U.S. Constitution by over 150 years.
The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights are other significant documents that influenced the development of constitutional government by establishing the principle that the monarch was not above the law, and setting the stage for parliamentary sovereignty and various civil liberties. Unlike these documents, the Mayflower Compact was not concerned with limiting the power of a monarch but instead with creating a framework for self-governance among a small community.
Therefore, the correct option is b) Mayflower Compact.