Final answer:
The Renaissance, starting in the year 1300 and lasting roughly 350 years, was a pivotal cultural movement originating in Italy and characterized by advancements in arts, architecture, engineering, and a shift to humanist thinking.
Step-by-step explanation:
The period that lasted for around 350 years starting in the year 1300 is the Renaissance. Although commonly associated with a span of roughly 300 years from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance marks a significant transition from the Middle Ages to modern history. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that ignited in Italy, specifically Florence, and expanded throughout Europe. This era witnessed a remarkable revival of Greek and Roman art, philosophy, literature, as well as advancements in education, humanist thinking, and city-state governance. It led to a cultural revolution by introducing aesthetic art, innovative ideas in arts, architecture, and engineering, and shifting the worldview from a geocentric to a heliocentric model. Humanism played a significant role during this period, emphasizing the potential for human achievement and the study of classical antiquity to enhance civic life and societal conditions.