Final answer:
In 17th century England, the benefits of a close connection between religion and government included moral guidance and unity, while drawbacks were the lack of religious freedom and the potential for religious conflict. The turmoil of the period exemplified the friction that can occur due to such an arrangement. Both the social contract theory and the USA's constitutional approach to religion highlight the push for religious liberty and individual conscience.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 17th century England, religion and government were closely linked, which presented both benefits and drawbacks. Some potential benefits of this connection include moral guidance, unity among the populace, and a sense of shared values due to a common religion endorsed by the state. However, this intertwined relationship also led to some significant drawbacks, most notably, the lack of religious freedom, which could result in discrimination and persecution of those who held different beliefs.
This setup also presented a high potential for religious conflict, either within society or against the political structure, as seen in the political upheavals and religious conflicts of the time, like the English civil wars and the 'Glorious Revolution'.
The absence of separation between church and state can lead to a strong government control and could provide a sense of order, but it might come at the price of personal choice and liberty as exemplified by the social contract principles of Locke and the diversified religious landscape promoted by the United States Constitution.
Events during this period, such as the Puritan Revolution and the subsequent Restoration, highlight the political and religious tensions that can arise when a state aligns itself too closely with a single religious doctrine, which can lead to struggles for political ascendency and influence over colonization, as reflected in the American colonies.