Final answer:
The stomach and duodenum are most susceptible to ulcers, which are often caused by the bacterium H. pylori or damage to the mucus lining. Acid serves to break down proteins and activate pepsin, while the mucus lining, tight junctions, and stem cells protect against the corrosive effects of acid and enzymes. Antacids neutralize stomach acid, aiding in ulcer treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parts of the digestive system most susceptible to conditions that cause ulcers are the stomach and the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. Ulcers, which are open wounds in or on an organ, can form when the protective mucus lining is damaged or when the bacteria Helicobacter pylori infects the area.
The two main functions of acid in the digestive tract are to help break down proteins and to create an environment where the pepsin enzyme can function effectively. The protective mechanisms against acid and pepsin include a thick mucus lining that contains bicarbonate ions to neutralize acid, tight junctions to block gastric juice seepage, and stem cells to replace damaged mucosal cells.
Antacid tablets typically contain substances that neutralize stomach acid. By doing so, antacids can help mitigate the painful symptoms and promote the healing of ulcers.