Final answer:
The early Chinese were influenced by their physical geography and historical developments, including dynastic legacies and cultural ideologies, to develop an ethnocentric view that favored internal development over external expansion and trade. option b is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
The early Chinese civilization's approach to world affairs, specifically their turn towards isolationism, can be attributed to various factors shaped by their physical geography and history. China's diverse terrain and climate contributed to regional cultural variations, creating a sense of self-sufficiency and differing needs.
Additionally, historical factors such as the achievements in thought and religion, like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism, influenced by a rich imperial history from dynasties like the Shang, Zhou, and Qin, as well as a series of natural disasters and Neo-Confucian prejudices, contributed to this inward turn.
As a result of these geographical and historical influences, the early Chinese civilization developed an ethnocentric view, perceiving themselves as a self-contained culture with limited need for external interaction. This perspective led to a focus on consolidating and developing their own advancements, translating less into a motivation for trade and exchange, but rather into an internal consolidation of culture and power. option b is correct