Final answer:
In mitosis, two nuclei with identical chromosomes are formed, involving DNA duplication leading to two genetically identical diploid daughter cells. It is different from meiosis, which results in four genetically unique haploid cells with the separation of homologous chromosomes, crossing over, and random alignment of chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of mitosis results in the formation of two nuclei with identical chromosomes(a). It involves DNA duplication, segregation of duplicated chromosomes, and division of the cytoplasmic contents. Unlike meiosis, mitosis does not involve the separation of homologous chromosomes or the formation of gametes; instead, it culminates in the generation of two genetically identical diploid daughter cells. During the mitotic phase known as anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell, which is followed by the formation of new nuclear membranes in telophase, and finally, cytokinesis divides the cell into two.
Comparatively, meiosis is a two-step division process that results in four genetically unique haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, and in meiosis II, which resembles mitosis, sister chromatids are separated. Key events of meiosis also include DNA duplication during interphase, crossover during prophase I, and random alignment of chromosomes, all contributing to genetic diversity.