Final answer:
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the two primary types of conditioning discussed in the textbook.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the two primary types of conditioning discussed in the textbook.
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) is paired with a neutral stimulus (such as a bell), and the neutral stimulus eventually becomes the conditioned stimulus, which brings about the conditioned response (such as salivation). This type of conditioning is exemplified by Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs.
On the other hand, operant conditioning involves modifying the behavioral response through the consequences of that response. This can be done through positive or negative reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of a behavior, or through positive or negative punishment, which decreases the likelihood of a behavior.