Final answer:
Chinese, Indian, and Arab civilizations had a profound impact on European history.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chinese, Indian, and Arab civilizations had a profound impact on European history. Firstly, the Arabs civilized Spain in the 9th century by connecting its cities to the centers of learning in the Middle East, leading to the destruction of the previous Visigoth culture. Secondly, the great library in Córdoba contained the entire canon of classical Greek texts, which was later translated into Latin and sparked the Renaissance, thus transforming European culture. Lastly, the European expansion, starting around the 16th century, had a profound impact on the world, connecting all parts of the world through trade and leading to the cultural devastation of societies outside of Europe.