Final answer:
a) Philosophers of the Enlightenment
Claims like "the first servant of the state" and "champion of the human race" would likely be made by philosophers of the Enlightenment, such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who influenced the principles of government and individual rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individuals most likely to have made claims such as "the first servant of the state" and "champion of the human race" are philosophers of the Enlightenment. During this period, political theorists like John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed sophisticated ideas about government and society.
They believed in natural rights and proposed social contract theories which aimed to justify the legitimacy of the state while also preserving individual freedoms. Especially during the age of Enlightened despots, rulers like Frederick of Prussia might employ such rhetoric to appear in line with modern, rational principles while maintaining their power.
Enlightenment philosophers positioned themselves against divine right monarchies and old traditional values, advocating for constitutional monarchies, republics, and a government that derives its authority from the consent of the governed.
These ideas significantly influenced political thinking and were instrumental in shaping the American and French revolutions. So, it is in the Enlightenment context that we locate individuals who would likely refer to themselves with the titles in question to characterize their vision of just and rational leadership.