Final answer:
Union workers may have higher productivity due to factors such as higher wages, longer job tenure, and access to training programs. Employers may oppose unions due to concerns about reduced workplace flexibility and potential increase in labor costs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Higher wages for union members:
Union workers might have higher productivity than nonunion workers for a number of reasons. First, higher wages can elicit higher productivity. Second, union workers tend to stay longer at a given job, reducing the employers' costs for training and hiring and resulting in workers with more years of experience. Additionally, many unions offer job training and apprenticeship programs which can further enhance the productivity of union members.
Employer opposition to unions:
Employers may be opposed to their workers joining a union for various reasons. One such reason is that employers may believe unions reduce workplace flexibility. They fear that union demands for collective bargaining, stricter work rules, and standardized wage rates may limit their ability to implement certain changes or adapt quickly to market demands. Employers may also be concerned about potentially higher labor costs associated with union contracts.