Final answer:
The Preamble's goals are established justice through Article III by creating the judicial system, and providing for the common defense through Article I, Section 8 by allowing Congress to raise armies and maintain a navy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Preamble to the US Constitution outlines several key goals for the new government, two of which include establishing justice and providing for the common defense. To achieve the goal of establishing justice, Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial system, including the Supreme Court and other federal courts.
These courts are responsible for interpreting the law and providing a framework for resolving disputes, thus upholding the rule of law.
As for providing for the common defense, Article I, Section 8 grants Congress the power to raise and support armies and to maintain a navy. This ensures that the nation has the necessary forces to protect itself from external threats.