Final answer:
Arnold's self-definition is influenced by his family's wealth and social status, as well as his cultural background and heritage, which are both factors that are outside of his control.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors that affect Arnold's self-definition in “The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian” that are outside of his control are his cultural background and heritage, as well as his family's wealth and social status. Therefore, the answer to the student's question is option B, His family's wealth and social status, and option C, His cultural background and heritage. These elements are part of the environment and circumstances into which he was born and have a significant influence on his opportunities, self-perception, and how others perceive him.
Cultural factors and social status are known to shape an individual’s personality and can influence intelligence and physical appearance over time due to societal standards and sexual selection. The impact of genetics and environment on intelligence, as well as the socialization's role in derived outcomes such as educational attainment and personal development, cannot be ignored.