Final answer:
In the early 20th century, African Americans could improve their lives through self-help and advocacy for equality. Booker T. Washington promoted self-help and vocational education, while W. E. B. Du Bois advocated for a confrontational approach through organizations like the NAACP.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the early years of the 20th century, African Americans faced racial segregation and disenfranchisement. There were two main approaches to improving their lives as American citizens: self-help and advocacy for equality. Booker T. Washington advocated for self-help, vocational education, and individual economic advancement as a means for African Americans to uplift themselves. On the other hand, W. E. B. Du Bois argued for a more confrontational approach, founding the NAACP to fight for equality. Both approaches had their merits and contributed to advancements in civil rights.