Final answer:
The correct term for maintaining equilibrium in the cell with continuous adjustments is 'dynamic equilibrium'. This process involves the constant movement of molecules across membranes and includes both active and passive transport means, like the sodium-potassium pump for active transport and diffusion for passive transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
Moving substances into and out of the cell is an active part of maintaining equilibrium, or dynamic equilibrium, with continuous adjustments to keep the cell within normal limits. The term 'dynamic' refers to the active nature of the processes that regulate the internal environment to maintain a stable condition. Whereas passive transport refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy, dynamic equilibrium involves both active and passive processes that are essential to the life and growth of cells. This steady state is characterized by a constant movement of molecules but no net change in concentration within the cell, leading to homeostasis.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport, moving ions against their concentration gradient, which requires ATP energy. On the other hand, passive processes like diffusion and osmosis do not require energy and occur as molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.