Final answer:
Caracas is the largest city in the Andean and midlatitude countries. The Andean and midlatitude countries are facing challenges such as political instability, economic inequality, social unrest, and environmental issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The largest city within the Andean and midlatitude countries is Caracas, which is the capital city of Venezuela. Caracas is located in the northern part of the country and is surrounded by the Andes Mountains. It is a large urban center with a population of over 3 million people.
The Andean and midlatitude countries in South America are currently facing several challenges. Some of these challenges include political instability, economic inequality, social unrest, and environmental issues. For example, countries like Venezuela and Colombia are experiencing political and economic crises, while countries like Ecuador are dealing with deforestation and biodiversity loss due to illegal mining and oil extraction.