Final answer:
Disputes among the independent countries formed after the break-up of the Ottoman Empire were primarily due to cultural heritage, competition for natural resources, religious tensions, and political ideologies.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the break-up of the Ottoman Empire, disputes among the independent countries formed primarily due to cultural heritage, competition for natural resources, religious tensions, and political ideologies. Differences in cultural heritage led to conflicts between different ethnic groups with distinct identities and aspirations. Competition for natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals, created economic rivalries and disputes over territory. Religious tensions arose due to the presence of various religious groups, such as Muslims, Christians, and Jews, which often resulted in territorial and political conflicts. Lastly, political ideologies also played a role as different countries pursued different systems of government, leading to disagreements, alliances, and rivalries.