Final answer:
The continuities and changes within belief systems from ca. 1450 to ca. 1750 involved the persistence of religious institutions, cultural rituals, and traditional moral values, as well as the emergence of new religious movements, shifts in theological interpretations, and challenges to established faiths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The continuities and changes within belief systems from ca. 1450 to ca. 1750 can be seen in various aspects. There were several continuities, such as the persistence of religious institutions, cultural rituals, and traditional moral values. Additionally, the role of religion in societal norms and governance also remained consistent. On the other hand, there were changes, including the emergence of new religious movements, shifts in theological interpretations, and challenges to established faiths. Furthermore, there was an evolution of philosophical thoughts challenging religious dogmas and increased secularization in some regions.