Question

What role did geography and religion play in the continuing pressures on the Safavid empire?

A) Geography and religion both had minimal impact on the Safavid empire.
B) Geography was the primary factor, while religion had a minor influence on the Safavid empire.
C) Religion was the primary factor, while geography had a minor influence on the Safavid empire.
D) Geography and religion both played significant roles in shaping the pressures on the Safavid empire.

Answer 1

Option (D), Geography and religion were instrumental in the rise and fall of the Safavid Empire, contributing to military conflicts and sectarian divides, making them significant factors in the empire's pressures.

Step-by-step explanation:

The role of geography and religion played significant roles in the continuing pressures on the Safavid empire, as these aspects were crucial to its rise, governance, and eventual decline. The Safavid Empire faced geographical challenges being surrounded by Sunni powers, which contributed to military conflicts, notably with the Ottoman Empire.

Additionally, by establishing Shi'ism as the state religion in a predominantly Sunni area, they deepened the sectarian divide, leading to both internal pressures and external conflicts. The empire's strategic location also presented both opportunities for trade and challenges from hostile neighbors. Thus, the correct answer is D) Geography and religion both played significant roles in shaping the pressures on the Safavid empire.