Final answer:
The term 'Liberal' corresponds to the belief in government action to promote equality and civil liberties, while 'Conservative' is associated with opposition to dramatic change and support for maintaining economic and political order.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that believes the government should take action to make economic and political reforms that promote equality and civil liberties is Liberal (A). Modern liberalism supports government intervention in society and the economy if it promotes equality. Liberals push for basic social and educational programs to ensure every individual has a chance to succeed.
On the other hand, the term that opposes dramatic change and believes that the government's role is to maintain economic and political order is Conservative (B). Conservatives emphasize limited government intervention in the economy, preservation of traditional moral standards, and support a capitalistic economic system. They argue for personal freedom but within the boundaries of law and without infringing on the rights of others.