Final answer:
The organization of DNA into chromosomes wrapped around histones applies only to eukaryotes, which have linear chromosomes, unlike the single circular chromosome of prokaryotes. Eukaryotic chromosomal organization includes the chromatin state, comprising heterochromatin and euchromatin.
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA organization differs significantly between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, DNA is found wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, further organized into complex structures known as chromosomes. These chromosomes are linear and each eukaryotic species has a specific number of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. For instance, humans have 46 chromosomes.
On the contrary, prokaryotes have a simpler structure where DNA is organized into a single circular chromosome. The packing of prokaryotic chromosomes involves super coiling aided by an enzyme known as DNA gyrase. This different organization means that eukaryotes feature chromatin, in two states: heterochromatin and euchromatin. On the other hand, prokaryotic genomes are contained within an area of the cell called the nucleoid, but they do not possess histones or have a chromatin-like structure.
Thus, the arrangement of DNA wrapped around protein balls in a long structure called a chromosome applies only to eukaryotes, not prokaryotes. In eukaryotic cells, chromatin describes both the condensed and decondensed states of these chromosomes.