Final answer:
Doppler radar systems use microwaves to determine wind speeds in storms and other object velocities by analyzing the Doppler shift in microwave echoes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Doppler radar systems use microwaves for gathering weather data. These systems are capable of measuring wind velocities in storms and the speed of various objects, such as aircraft and vehicles. This measurement is possible due to the Doppler shift of the microwave echoes. When microwaves reflect off a moving object, their frequency shifts; if the object is moving towards the radar, the frequency increases; if it's moving away, the frequency decreases. This phenomenon, also relevant in other areas like astronomy with the red shift, helps in detecting not just speed but also the distance of objects like clouds or rain intensities.