Final answer:
The concept that individuals may adopt certain behaviors or beliefs just because they are popular is known as the bandwagon fallacy, which is indeed both an appeal type and a logical fallacy. It relates to cognitive biases affecting judgment and is countered by critical thinking, a skill fostered by cognitive science.
Step-by-step explanation:
The notion that one may join an argument or idea simply because many people are already doing it is an example of a bandwagon fallacy. This is indeed a type of appeal but also a logical fallacy, which is a flaw in reasoning. The bandwagon effect can often be observed in advertising and propaganda, where it is used to persuade people to conform to certain behaviors or beliefs, not because they are necessarily true or beneficial, but simply because they are popular.
Cognitive bias is a broader term that refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rational judgment, and the bandwagon fallacy is a specific instance where the popularity of an idea or behavior influences an individual's belief or actions. This fallacy overlooks the merits of the argument or the evidence supporting it, encouraging people to follow the masses rather than making an informed decision.
Understanding cognitive science can help individuals recognize these fallacies and biases, providing tools to think more critically and logically. It's important to evaluate whether popular opinion is supported by facts or simply accepted based on its widespread acceptance.