Final answer:
A sentence composed of 'noun-verb; noun-verb-noun' is known as an independent clause, which contains both a subject and a verb and can stand as a complete sentence on its own.
Step-by-step explanation:
A sentence with the construction of noun-verb; noun-verb-noun is called an independent clause. An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence. This type of clause can express a complete thought and does not depend on additional information to provide meaning.
By contrast, a dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and relies on an independent clause for its full meaning. A phrase is missing either a subject or a verb, meaning it does not express a complete thought and therefore cannot be an independent clause. Complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, but this is not what is being described in the student's question.