Final answer:
The calculation of the relative change in the index crime rate requires crime rate data for 2016 and 2017. Without this data, we cannot answer whether the crime rate increased, decreased, or stayed the same, leading to the conclusion of D. 'Insufficient information'.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the relative change in the index crime rate from 2016 to 2017, we need specific data on the index crime rates for these two years. This data would typically be found in a dataset or a table presenting the crime rate per 100,000 inhabitants or similar metrics.
Once we have the crime rates for both years, the relative change can be calculated using the formula: Relative Change = ((Crime Rate in 2017 - Crime Rate in 2016) / Crime Rate in 2016) × 100%
We would then evaluate the result to determine if the crime rate increased (a positive relative change), decreased (a negative relative change), or stayed the same (no change). However, without the actual data provided for the years 2016 and 2017, the answer to the question would be Insufficient information (choice D).
Regarding the subject matter provided which talks about crime trends, it is important to note that without the specific data for the years in question, it is not possible to make a conclusive statement about crime rates.
Studies, such as those cited from government agencies or research findings, can give a general trend but do not provide sufficient specific data for a particular question about change between two years.