Final answer:
The oldest monotheistic religion based on the Hebrew Bible and that views Jesus as a prophet and not the Messiah is Judaism. This religion originated in the Middle East and is a cornerstone of Abrahamic faiths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to identifying the oldest monotheistic religion that is based on the Hebrew Bible and does not recognize Jesus as the Messiah, but rather as a prophet. Among the options provided, Judaism is the correct answer. Judaism is a monotheistic faith that originated with the Hebrews in the ancient Middle East. An important part of the Jewish tradition is the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, which is also known to Christians as the Old Testament. This religion does not accept Jesus Christ as the Messiah, a belief that is central to Christianity. Instead, Judaism awaits a messiah yet to come.
It is essential to note that Islam also acknowledges Jesus as a prophet, but Islam was founded later than Judaism and is based on the teachings that Prophet Muhammad received from Allah, as recorded in the Quran. Therefore, while both Judaism and Islam share the belief in the prophetic status of Jesus, Judaism is the religion being described in the question because it is older and based on the Hebrew Bible.