Final answer:
Nomadic social life and customs, as observed by Ibn Fadlan, violated Islamic religious principles with regards to dressing modestly, settled lifestyle, polygamy, and intermingling of sexes.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Ibn Fadlan, there were several features of nomadic social life and customs that violated Islamic religious principles. These include:
- Dressing modestly: Nomadic tribes often did not adhere to the Islamic principle of dressing modestly, as they had their own traditional styles of clothing and adornments.
- Settled lifestyle: Nomadic tribes, by nature, lived a nomadic lifestyle, which contradicted the settled lifestyle encouraged in Islam.
- Polygamy: Some nomadic tribes practiced polygamy, which is not in line with Islamic teachings that advocate for monogamy.
- Intermingling of sexes: Nomadic tribes had a more relaxed approach to gender segregation, while Islam promoted the separation of sexes.
These aspects of nomadic social life and customs went against the Islamic religious principles as observed by Ibn Fadlan.